Tombstone Tuesday: Simon and Molly Neuman Smith, Montefiore Cemetery, Queens, New York

Molly Smith's parents, Samuel and Eva Neuman, were profiled in a blog post on 18 April 2017. In that post, I noted that in 1940, Simon and Molly Smith, along with their children Stanley and Herbert, lived with Molly's parents at 647 Sheffield Avenue, Brooklyn.[1] Simon Smith was working as a butcher.

SMITH

Here lies Malka Batsheva 

daughter of Simcha haLevi

MOLLY

BELOVED WIFE

DEVOTED MOTHER

DEAR GRANDMOTHER

MAY 29, 1911

JAN. 7, 1976

--------------------

Here lies

Yisachar son of Nachman

SIMON

BELOVED HUSBAND

DEVOTED FATHER

DEAR GRANDFATHER

MAY 21, 1908

AUG. 21, 1973 

Molly was born Mania Neuman in Labun, Russian Empire on 29 May 1911.[2] Mania and her mother Ryvka arrived in New York on 14 August 1921, more than eight years after her father immigrated to Chicago.[3]

By 1930, Molly, her parents and her USA-born brother Israel, lived in an apartment in Brooklyn at 44 Boerum Street. At that point, Molly was 19 years old and working as a salesgirl.[4]

Simon Smith came to the United States at (reportedly) age 10 as Socher Szmuc (pronounced Shmuts) and landed in New York on 9 July 1921.[5] He and his 8 year old sister Chaje (later, Ida) were accompanied by their 18 year old uncle Szmul (who later also took the name Simon Smith) and heading to Socher's and Chaje's father Nathan Smith at 345 Hancock Street, Bangor, Maine. All three Szmuc passengers were listed as last living in and born in Horodno, Minsk Gubernia, Russian Empire. Today this community is known as Haradnaja, Belarus. 

Simon's father, Nathan (Nachman) had immigrated to Boston in 1913, leaving behind his wife, Sore, and their children.[6] Sore must have died in the old country, because by the time Socher and Ida arrived in 1921, Nathan was married to a woman named Fannie and had started another family.[7] He was a cattle dealer in Bangor. 

Nathan's naturalization petition indicates that he and his children, Simon and Ida, were born in Pinsk.[8] Horodno was in the Pinsk uyezd (district), Minsk gubernia (province). So, identifying Pinsk district as their place of origin is consistent with previous records showing the community of Horodno.

I have to admit I giggled a bit when I saw Simon's original surname. Shmuts means dirt or mud. Alexander Beider notes that the name is common in the Pinsk area.[9]

According to Molly Smith's naturalization petition, she and Simon married in Brooklyn on 27 November 1932.[10] While I have located an indexed marriage license dated 21 November 1932 for the couple within Ancestry's New York City marriage license database, I have not yet located their marriage certificate in indices on Ancestry, FamilySearch or the Italian Genealogical Group.

In 1932, when Simon served as a witness on Molly's naturalization petition, he was listed as a barber. By the time of the 1940 census enumeration (April 1940), he was, as mentioned earlier, working as a butcher. 

The couple's sons, Stanley and Herbert, were born, respectively, in 1934 and 1938.

Simon and Molly Smith's graves are located within one of the First Lubiner Progressive Benevolent Association plots in Montefiore Cemetery, Queens, New York, block 5, gate 567W, line 2R, graves 1 and 2.
 
Notes:
1. 1940 U.S. Census, Kings County, New York, population schedule, Brooklyn, enumeration district 24-79, sheet 5A, household 79, Mollie Smith; images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 17 April 2017); citing NARA microfilm publication T627, roll 2548.

2. Molly Smith, naturalization file no. 300735 (1940), U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York; images, "Final petition and citizenship papers (New York), 1865-1958," FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/988724?availability=Family%20History%20Library : accessed 27 August 2017); Naturalization records, (cert. no. 300301-300759) 16-20 Dec 1940, film 1,573,982, images 1736-1738.

    "U.S., Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014," index, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 3 November 2015), entry for Molly Smith, January 1976, SSN 050-42-4414. 

3. Manifest, S.S. Lapland, 14 August 1921, list 21, lines 11-12, Rywka Neiman, age 32, and Mania Neiman, age 9; images, New York Passenger Lists, 1820-1957," Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 23 April 2011).
    Manifest, S.S. Hannover, 13 March 1913, list 17, line 13, Simche Neumann, age 31; images, "Baltimore Passenger Lists, 1820-1964," Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 17 April 2017).
4. 1930 U.S. Census, Kings Co., NY, pop. sched., e.d. 24-178, sheet 1B, dwelling 2, family 20, Molly Neuman; images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 10 November 2010); NARA microfilm publication T626, roll 1518. 
5. Manifest, S.S. Carmania, 9 July 1921, list 11, line 6, Socher Szmuc, age 10; images, "New York Passenger Lists, 1820-1957," Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 27 August 2017).
6. Manifest, S.S. Carpathia, 17 March 1913, list 91 [stamped], line 5, Nachman Schmutz, age 26; images, Massachusetts, Passenger and Crew Lists, 1820-1963," Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 27 August 2017).
7. 1930 U.S. Census, Penobscot Co., MA, pop. sched., e.d. 10-4, sheet 16B, dwell. 242, fam. 304, Natan Smith; images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 27 August 2017); citing NARA microfilm publication T626, roll 836.
8. Nathan Smith, naturalization file no. 1444 (4 April 1928), Supreme Judicial Court of Maine at Bangor, Penobscot County; images, "Maine, County Naturalization Records, 1800-1990, Penobscot County," FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org : accessed 27 August 2017).
9. Alexander Beider, A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from the Russian Empire (Bergenfield, NJ: Avotaynu, 2008), p. 817. 
10. Molly Smith, naturalization file no. 300735 (1940), U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.

Tombstone Tuesday: Abraham and Norma Orenstein Gootkin, Beth Moses Cemetery, Pinelawn, New York

It was Norma Orenstein Gootkin's family who hailed from Labun, Ukraine - the community associated with the First Lubiner Progressive Benevolent Association landsmanshaft burial plot in Beth Moses Cemetery. 

GOOTKIN

FATHER

Here lies

Avraham son of Yakov Moshe haLevi

May his soul be bound in the bonds of the living

ABRAHAM

BELOVED HUSBAND

DEVOTED FATHER

DEAR GRANDFATHER

15 FEB. 1905

29 DEC. 1970

--------------------

MOTHER

Here lies

Nechama daughter of Tzav haKoheyn

May her soul be bound in the bonds of the living

NORMA

BELOVED WIFE

DEVOTED MOTHER

DEAR GRANDMOTHER

FEB. 2, 1906

APR. 17, 1986

Norma Orenstein was born Nechama Gorinstein in Labun on, perhaps, 2 February 1906 or 15 December 1906 to Feiga (Fannie) and Joseph.[1] Nechama, her mother and several siblings landed in New York on 7 November 1921.[2] The 1930 census indicates that her father immigrated in 1912.[3] I have not yet located his passenger manifest.

On 16 March 1935, Norma Orenstein married Abe Gootkin. Abe was the son of Jankel and Alte Gutkin and was born on 13 February 1905. His home town is likely to have been Lepel, Vitebsk Gubernia, Russian Empire (today in Belarus). I have not located his immigration papers, but his father's passenger manifest and naturalization records indicate he left his family behind in Lepel.[4] 

Abe's mother Alte died in the old country before immigrating. Abe immigrated sometime after his father naturalized on 25 June 1925, likely in 1927. On his father's naturalization petition Abe and other family members are listed as residing in Russia. A naturalization index card for Abe indicates that he had been in the country for two years on 2 July 1929 when he confirmed his naturalization via his father's papers.[5]

In the 1940 census, Abe and Norma lived in Brooklyn at 518 Pennsylvania Avenue. Abe worked as a window cleaner for buildings. He and Norma had one son, Jack.[6]

Abe's and Norma's graves are in the First Lubiner Progressive Benevolent Association plot, block 24, Maccabee Road  in Beth Moses Cemetery, Pinelawn, New York.

Notes:
1. Norma's Social Security Death Index record indicates the 2 February 1906 birth date. Her naturalization records indicate 15 December 1906.
   "U.S., Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014," index, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 25 October 2015), entry for Norma Gootkin, SSN 099-03-7663, April 1986.
   Norma Orenstein, petition for naturalization no. 192948, 9 May 1934, U.S. District Court of New York, Eastern District, Brooklyn; images, "New York, State and Federal Naturalization records, 1794-1940," Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 20 August 2017); citing NARA record group 21, Records of the District Courts of the United States.
2. Manifest, S.S. Scythia, 7 November 1921, list 34, line 22, Nechama Gorenstein, age 15; images, "New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957," Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 20 August 2017).
3. 1930 U.S. Census, Kings County, New York, population schedule, Brooklyn, enumeration district 24-256, sheet 10A, dwelling 63, [no family number entered], Joseph and Fannie Ornstein family; images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 25 October 2015); citing NARA microfilm publication T626, roll 1542. 
4. Manifest, S.S. Cedric, 11 August 1914, list 10, line 29, Jankel Gutkin, age 47; images, "New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957," Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 20 August 2017).
   Jacob Gootkin, naturalization file no. 196938, 26 June 1925, U.S. District Court of Ohio, Northern District, Cleveland; images, "Ohio, Naturalization Petitions and Record Books, 1888-1946," Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 25 October 2015); citing NARA record group 21, Records of the District Courts of the United States. 
5. "Ohio, County Naturalization Records, 1800-1977,"  images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:K8HM-CZM : accessed 29 July 2017), Abraham Gootkin, 1925; citing Naturalization, Ohio, Cuyahoga, county courthouses, Ohio; FHL microfilm 2,247,341. 
6. 1940 U.S. Census, Kings Co., pop. sched., Brooklyn, e.d. 24-78, sheet 7A, household 129, Abe and Norma Gootkin family; images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 25 October 2015); NARA microfilm publication T627, roll 2548. 
   "Norma Gootkin," obituary, Suffolk County News (Sayville, NY), 24 April 1986, p. 22; images, Fulton History (http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html : accessed 25 October 2015). 

Tombstone Tuesday: Murray and Rickie Krakowsky, Beth Moses Cemetery, Pinelawn, New York

Murray Herman Krakowsky was the son of Abraham Krakowsky and Rose Schwartz Krakowsky. Rickie (aka Roslyn) Ensler Krakowsky was born in New York on 6 August 1915 to Rubin Ensler and Pauline Gross Ensler.

Here lies

Moshe Chaim son of Avraham

Pinchas haLevi

BELOVED HUSBAND - DEAR FATHER

GRANDFATHER AND GREAT GRANDFATHER

MURRAY

DIED DEC. 15, 2001 - AGE 89 YEARS

Here lies

Reikel daughter of Reuven

BELOVED WIFE - DEAR MOTHER

AND GRANDMOTHER

RICKIE

DIED AUG. 8, 1976 - AGE 61 YRS. 

It is likely that Murray was born on 30 July 1912 in New York City. That is the information provided in his Social Security information.[1] However, when his father, Abe, naturalized, he indicated that his only son, then called Morris, was born on 30 August 1912.[2]

I have located the indexed entry for Murray and Roslyn's marriage license application in the Bronx on 21 May 1938.[3] They likely married within a week or two of this date.

In 1940, they lived at 1424 Walter Avenue, Bronx, NY.[4] Murray was a fireman and Roslyn was a stock clerk at a ladies underwear business. According to his obituary, Murray served as a New York City fireman for 20 years.[5]

Murray and Rickie Krakowsky had two children: Flora and Robert.

After Rickie's death in 1976, Murray remarried. He and Gertrude P. Foreman applied for a marriage license in the Bronx in 1981.[6]

Public records indexes on Ancestry and FamilySearch show that Murray lived at some point in Lakewood, New Jersey. In the 1990s, he lived in Deerfield Beach, Florida. His last residence, according to the Social Security Death Index, was Highland Park, Lake County, Illinois.

Graves for Murray Krakowsky and Rickie Krakowsky are located in the First Lubiner Progressive Benevolent Association plot, block 24, Maccabee Road, Beth Moses Cemetery, Pinelawn, New York.

Notes:

1. "Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014," index, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 14 April 2017), entry for Murray H. Krakowsky, SSN 124-10-2786, 15 December 2001.
   "U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007," index, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 13 August2017), entry for Murray Herman Krakowsky, SSN 124102786, 15 December 2001.

2. Abe Krakowsky nat pet
3. "New York City, Marriage Indexes, 1907-1995," index, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 13 August 2017), entry for Murray Krakowsky and Roslyn Ensler, 21 May 1938, Bronx County, New York; citing Municipal Archives, New York City.
4. 1940 U.S. Census, Bronx County, New York, population schedule, Bronx, enumeration district 3-163, sheet 61B, household 199, Murray and Roslyn Krakowsky; images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 14 April 2017); citing NARA microfilm publication T627, roll 2464.

5. "Murray H. Krakowsky," obituary, Chicago Tribune (Chicago Illinois), 18 December 2001; online transcription, Legacy (http://www.legacy.com : accessed 18 April 2017).
6. "New York City, Marriage Indexes, 1907-1995," index, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 13 August 2017), entry for Murray Krakowsky and Gertrude P  Foreman, 1981, Bronx County, New York; citing Municipal Archives, New York City.

Tombstone Tuesday: Sonia Krakowsky, Beth Moses Cemetery, Pinelawn, NY

Last week I chronicled Abraham and Rose Krakowsky. After Rose died in 1960, and in 1961 Abraham married Sonia Bachman, a twice-married widow. They were married for about 16 years before Sonia passed away.

Here lies

Sarah daughter of Asher

SONIA

KRAKOWSKY

DIED MARCH 12, 1977

AGE 76 YEARS

BELOVED WIFE, 

MOTHER - GRANDMOTHER

Sarah Kuszner (likely pronounced Kushner) was born in Starokostyantyniv (a larger community located 32 km SSE of Labun) in about 1901 and immigrated to the United States on the S.S. Aquitania.[1] She landed in New York on 7 April 1922. While she was met by her brother Abraham who lived in the Bronx, she ultimately wound up in Boston.

In Boston on 7 December 1924, Sarah (now Sonia) married Morris Fertel.[2] Morris, born in Hrytsiv (a small community 8 miles SE of Labun) managed, and eventually owned, a grocery store.[3]  

Morris and Sonia Fertel had three children: Arthur (1925-2016), Alice and Arnold.

Morris Fertel died on 23 April 1938. His grave is in the Staro Konstantinov Cemetery, West Roxbury, Suffolk County, Massachusetts. After his death, Sonia continued to run their grocery.[4]

Sonia married Harry Bachman in the Bronx on 24 February 1946. This information comes from her naturalization file and is confirmed by an indexed marriage license application dated 21 February 1946.[5] I have not yet acquired that document.

Sonia Bachman stayed in Boston and she and Harry ran the grocery.[6]

I have not determined what happened to Harry Bachman, but sometime in 1961, Sonia and Abe Krakowsky applied for a marriage license in the Bronx.[7]

Sonia's Social Security Death Index record indicates she was born 24 March 1901 and her last residence was in the Bronx.[8]

She is interred in the First Lubiner Progressive Benevolent Association plot, block 24, Maccabee Road, Beth Moses Cemetery, Pinelawn, New York.

Notes:
1. Manifest, S.S. Aquitania, 7April 1922, stamped p. C2, line 6, Sarah Kuszner, age 20; images, New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957," Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 6 August 2017).
2. Sonia Fertel naturalization file no. 235423 (July 1942), U.S. District Court of Massachusetts at Boston; images, "Massachusetts, State and Federal Naturalization Records, 1798-1950," Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 5 August 2017); NARA Record Group 21, Records of the District Courts of the United States.
3. Morris Fertel, naturalization file no. 107634 (February 1929), U.S. District Court of Massachusetts at Boston; images, "Massachusetts, State and Federal Naturalization Records, 1798-1950," Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 6 August 2017); NARA Record Group 21, Records of the District Courts of the United States.
   Manifest, S.S. Samland, 2 July 1921, p. 47, line 4, Mojshe Fertel, age 20; images, Pennsylvania Passenger Lists, 1800-1962," Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 6 August 2017).
   1930 U.S. census, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, population schedule, Boston, enumeration district 13-395, sheet 13B, dwelling 19, family 73, Morris and Sonia Fertel family; images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 5 August 2017); citing NARA microfilm publication T626, roll 951.
4. Sonia Fertel naturalization file no. 235423 (July 1942), U.S. District Court of Massachusetts at Boston.
   Morris Fertel, naturalization file no. 107634 (February 1929), U.S. District Court of Massachusetts at Boston.
   1940 U.S. census, Suffolk Co., MA, pop. sched., Boston, enumeration district 15-503, sheet 8A, household 178, Sonia Fertel family; images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 5 August 2017); citing NARA microfilm publication T627, roll 1673.
5. Bronx County, New York, affidavit and license to marry, Harry Bachman and Sonia Fertel, application date 21 February 1946; "New York City, Marriage Indexes, 1907-1995," index, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 6 August 2017); citing Municipal Archives, New York City.
6. "U.S., City Directories, 1822-1995," images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 6 August 2017); entry for Harry Bachman, Boston City Directory, 1952, p. 294.
7. Bronx County, New York, affidavit and license to marry, Abraham Krakowsky and Sonia Bachmanl, application date 1961; "New York City, Marriage Indexes, 1907-1995," index, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 31 July 2017); citing Municipal Archives, New York City.
8. "U.S., Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014," index, Ancestry (http://www. ancestry.com : accessed 5 August 2017); entry for Sonia Krakowsky, SSN 061-52-8258, Mar 1977.

Tombstone Tuesday: Abe and Rose Schwartz Krakowsky, Beth Moses Cemetery, Pinelawn, NY

I love when things fall into place!

A few weeks ago I posted about Emil and Rozalia Berla who were related to Abe Krakowsky, a mover and shaker in the First Lubiner Progressive Benevolent Association (FLPBA). That explained the Berlas presence in this landsmanshaft plot, despite the fact that they were not from the community Lubin [I mentioned Abe previously in my series on the FLPBA anniversary publications.]

My problem was that it was not clear if Abe and his first wife Rose Krakowsky were from Lubin either. Well now I know and, in the process, I have determined a U.S.A surname change, matched some siblings, and, likely, figured out where and how Abe and Rose met (and it's sorta romantic).

Here lies

Chava Rachel daughter of Moshe

BELOVED WIFE, DEAR MOTHER

AND GRANDMOTHER

ROSE

DIED AUG. 5, 1960 - AGE 72 YRS

 Here lies

Avraham Pinkhas son of Benyamin Khaim haLevi

BELOVED HUSBAND - DEAR FATHER

GRANDFATHER - GREAT GRANDFATHER

ABE

DIED AUG. 16, 1985 - AGE 99 YEARS

On January 23, 1909, Rochel Schames, accompanying her uncle Feivish (later Philip Simon), left Bremen for New York City on the S.S. Grosser Kurfürst.[1] Both she and her uncle were born and resided in Lubin. They landed in New York Harbor on 3 February 1909. Rochel reported her mother as Sosie Schames and her brother at 365 Broome Street, NY as Ele Schames. Rochel later became Rose Schwartz.

Also on that ship: Pinkus Krakowsky, age 20, recently a resident of Pradnik. I have no clue where that town was located.[2] A gubernia seems to be indicated, but it is unclear - possible Chernigov. Pinkus became Abraham Krakowsky.

[ Cut to: "My Heart Will Go On" ]

Abe's manifest indicates he was a saddle-maker born in Krakau. Various records report his birth date as 10 July. Sometimes it was 1887 and other times 1888. His World War I draft registration card says he was born in Shurlof.[3] His naturalization petition shows Shelnoff.[4] Those two variations on a community name have not, thus far, helped me find the town.
 
I have some inconsistencies in evidence of their marriage and place of residence around 1910-11. I have acquired their marriage certificate and it seems that Abram Krakofsky and Rosie Schwartz married on 15 January 1911 in Manhattan.[5] Rosie reported that her father was Morris Simon and her mother Susie Borisnik. Abraham's parents were Benjamin Krakowsky and Sarah Nissenblatt. 

Abraham and Rose's indexed marriage license, however, indicates that they applied on 11 June 1910.[6] Usually, I see license applications a week or two before the marriage. So, this is a bit early. It is better to work from an original image rather than an index of a record, so I will ordering the license application from NYC.

In addition I have found the couple, living as husband and wife in the 1910 census taken in April 1910. Abe was a harness-maker - consistent with his occupation in his 1909 manifest. The couple had been married only two months before and were residing at 354 Madison Street, Manhattan.[7] Abe's brother-in-law (likely Rose's brother), Alexander Schwartz, a glazier, was living with the couple. 

Study of Alexander Schwartz, whose Hebrew name was Eliyahu (likely shortened to Ele in Rochel's manifest), indicates that this is the Alex Schwartz shown in one of the Montefiore Cemetery First Lubiner Progressive Benevolent Association plots. Alex's parents on his marriage record were shown, similar to Rosie's, as Morris (Schwartz) and Sophie Bresner.[8] 

Perhaps marriage license records will help sort out this chronology. It is possible that I have been thrown off the scent by making a mistake connecting a record to this couple. This will require further study and additional documents.

At the time of their marriage in 1911, Abe lived at 335 Stanton Street and Rose lived at 274 Henry Street - both in the Lower East Side of Manhattan. Abe was a clothes presser and remained so for much of his life.

Abraham and Rose's only child, Murray (earlier called Morris), was born on 30 July 1912. He passed away on 15 December 2001 and is also buried in the Beth Moses Cemetery plot.

When Abe declared his intention to become a citizen on 15 May 1916, they lived 115 Cannon Street.

On 5 June 1917, when Abe registered for the World War I draft, the family lived at 125 E. 113th Street, New York, NY. He was a cloak presser.

By the time Abe filled in his petition for naturalization on 14 June 1920, they'd moved to 92 Union Avenue in Brooklyn.

In the 1930 census enumeration, the family lived in the Bronx at 1343Washington Avenue. Abe was pressing dresses.[9] 

By 1940, Abe had changed his career and 0wned a restaurant. He and Rose resided in Manhattan at 100 2nd Avenue.[10] They had also lived in that same apartment in 1935.

Rose died in 1960 and Abe married Sonia Bachman in 1961.[11] She is also interred in the Beth Moses plot.

Abe's and Rose's grave are located in the First Lubiner Progressive Benevolent Association plot in Beth Moses Cemetery, block 24, Maccabee Road.

Notes:
1. Manifest, S.S. Grosser Kurfürst, 3 February 1909, list 41, line 22, Rochel Schames, age 19; images, "New York, Passenger manifests, 1820-1957, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 8 July 2013).
2. Manifest, S.S. Grosser Kurfürst, 3 February 1909, list 4, line 215, Pinkus Krakowsky, age 20; images, "New York, Passenger manifests, 1820-1957, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 8 January 2015).
3. "U.S., World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918," images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 8 January 2015), entry for Abraham Krakowsky, serial no. 205, draft board 31, New York County, New York.
4. Abraham Krakowsky, naturalization file no. 22634 (1920), Eastern District of New York; Record Group 21: Records of the District Courts of the United States; National Archives - Northeast Region, New York City.
5. New York County, New York, certificate of  marriage no. 2019 (15 January 1911), Abram Krakowsky and Rosie Schwartz; Municipal Archives, New York City.
6. New York County, New York, marriage license no. 14647 (11 June 1910), Abraham Krakofsky and Rosie Schwartz; Municipal Archives, New York City.
7. 1910 U.S. Census, New York Co., NY, pop. sched., Manhattan, e.d. 96, sheet 6A. dwell. 16, fam. 89, Abraham and Rose Krakofsky family; images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 28 July 2017); citing NARA microfilm publication T624, roll 1008.
8.  New York County, New York, certificate of marriage no. 7591 (1911), Alexander Schwartz and Mollie Markowitz, 2 April 1911; Municipal Archives, New York City.
9. 1930 U.S. Census, Bronx Co., NY, pop. schedule, Bronx, e.d. 3-126, sheet 4B, dwelling 7, family 91, Abraham and Rose Krokowsky family; images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry. com : accessed 8 January 2015); NARA microfilm publication T626, roll 1466.
10. 1940 U.S. Census, New York Co., NY, pop. sched., Manhattan, e.d. 31-683, sheet 63A, household 320, Abraham and Rose Krakowsky; images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 8 January 2015); citing NARA microfilm publication T627, roll 2639. 
11. "New York City, Marriage [License] Indexes, 1907-1995," index, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 31 July 2017), Abraham Krakowsky and Sonia Bachman, license no. 7583 (1961); citing Municipal Archives, New York City.